* The notion of a social contract holds that the nation (the whole people, or just the electorate...) 640-802 gives a mandate, as through acclamation or election
Individual heads of state may acquire their position in a number of constitutional ways:
* The position of a Monarch is usually hereditary, but often with constitutional restrictions, or even considerable liberty for the incumbent or some body convening 350-030 after his demise to chose from eligible members of the ruling house, often limited to legal descendants of the state religion or even parliamentary permission. There are rare exceptions to this, such as the Popes, who nominate the cardinals who elect the next pope in conclave. 350-001 The Pope is not just the head of the Roman Catholic Church (as such the 'Holy See' is diplomatically recognised), but is also head of state of Vatican City.
* Election usually is the constitutional way to choose the head of state of a republic, and some monarchies, either:
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